Medical Surgical Nursing 200 MCQs for GMCH Nursing Officer exam 2025

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Quiz :Medical Surgical Nursing

[GMCH Nursing Officer Exam 2025]

1. A patient is experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation. The nurse would expect to hear which breath sound upon auscultation?

(C) Wheezes

2. Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections?

(C) Frequent and thorough hand hygiene

3. A nurse is caring for a client with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention?

(D) Administer anticoagulant medication as ordered

4. When performing a head-to-toe assessment, the nurse begins with:

(D) A systematic approach from head to toe

5. Which of the following is a key principle of surgical asepsis?

(C) Eliminating all microorganisms

6. The nurse is teaching a patient about managing their newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

(C) "I can stop taking my medication once my blood sugar is normal."

7. A patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) is experiencing fluid overload. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect?

(C) Peripheral edema and crackles in the lungs

8. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for a nurse to take when a patient reports "feeling dizzy" after standing up quickly?

(C) Assess for orthostatic hypotension.

9. What is the primary purpose of an incentive spirometer?

(B) To promote deep breathing and prevent atelectasis

10. A patient is receiving a blood transfusion and develops sudden shortness of breath, hives, and a feeling of impending doom. What is the nurse's immediate action?

(B) Stop the transfusion immediately and maintain IV access with normal saline.

11. Which nursing theory emphasizes the importance of the nurse's environment in facilitating patient healing?

(B) Florence Nightingale

12. The nurse is preparing to administer medication via a nasogastric tube. What is the most important action before administering the medication?

(B) Check the placement of the nasogastric tube.

13. A patient with a head injury exhibits signs of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following is an early sign the nurse should recognize?

(C) Change in level of consciousness

14. What is the normal range for adult heart rate?

(B) 60-100 beats per minute

15. A patient is prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which food item should the nurse advise the patient to limit?

(B) Canned soups

16. Which of the following best describes the term "apnea"?

(C) Absence of breathing

17. The nurse is caring for a patient who is postoperative day 1. The patient complains of severe incisional pain. What is the nurse's priority action?

(C) Assess the pain using a pain scale.

18. What is the correct term for "difficulty swallowing"?

(C) Dysphagia

19. A patient is admitted with a suspected myocardial infarction (MI). Which lab value is most indicative of cardiac muscle damage?

(C) Troponin levels

20. Which of the following is a common risk factor for developing pressure ulcers?

(C) Immobility

21. The nurse is educating a pregnant client about proper nutrition. Which nutrient is crucial for preventing neural tube defects?

(C) Folic Acid

22. What is the purpose of documenting patient care?

(D) All of the above.

23. A patient with chronic kidney disease is on a fluid restriction. Which of the following is the most appropriate way for the nurse to help the patient manage thirst?

(B) Offer ice chips frequently.

24. Which of the following is considered a modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease?

(D) Smoking

25. The nurse is assessing a newborn. Which reflex is characterized by the infant turning its head towards a stimulus when its cheek is stroked?

(C) Rooting reflex

26. A nurse is assessing a patient admitted with a suspected urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to find?

(B) Dysuria and urinary frequency

27. Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question in therapeutic communication?

(C) "What concerns do you have about your recovery?"

28. The nurse is caring for a patient with newly diagnosed hypertension. Which lifestyle modification should the nurse prioritize in patient teaching?

(C) Regular physical activity

29. What is the anatomical landmark used for assessing the apical pulse?

(C) Mid-clavicular line, fifth intercostal space

30. A patient on strict bed rest is at risk for developing which integumentary complication?

(C) Pressure ulcers

31. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioid analgesics that a nurse should monitor for?

(C) Respiratory depression

32. The nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection to an adult patient. Which site is generally considered the safest for most IM injections in adults?

(B) Ventrogluteal muscle

33. What is the normal range for adult respiratory rate?

(B) 12-20 breaths per minute

34. A nurse is caring for an elderly patient with dementia. Which intervention is most effective in promoting a sense of security and reducing agitation?

(B) Providing a structured, predictable environment

35. The nurse is preparing to insert a peripheral intravenous (IV) catheter. Which action is essential to ensure proper vein selection?

(B) Start distally and work proximally

36. Which of the following is a symptom of hypoglycemia?

(C) Shaking and diaphoresis

37. A patient is receiving continuous enteral feeding. Which intervention is crucial to prevent aspiration?

(A) Elevate the head of the bed to at least 30-45 degrees

38. The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old child admitted with a fractured arm. According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which stage is this child typically experiencing?

(C) Industry vs. Inferiority

39. What is the recommended compression depth for adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?

(B) At least 2 inches

40. Which of the following is a common manifestation of fluid volume deficit (dehydration)?

(C) Dry mucous membranes

41. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being discharged. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching?

(B) Practice pursed-lip breathing

42. The nurse is assessing a patient's pain. Which of the following is the most objective indicator of pain?

(A) Patient's self-report of pain

43. Which of the following is the best definition of "tachycardia"?

(C) Fast heart rate

44. A patient is receiving warfarin. Which laboratory test is used to monitor the therapeutic effect of this medication?

(B) Prothrombin time / International Normalized Ratio

45. The nurse is educating a new mother on proper infant feeding. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching about breastfeeding?

(C) "I should supplement with formula if the baby cries after feeding."

46. What is the primary purpose of a Foley catheter?

(C) To relieve urinary retention or continuously drain urine

47. A nurse is administering medications to a patient with a known allergy to penicillin. Which action is most important before administering any new medication?

(B) Verify the patient's allergy status

48. Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

(C) Delusions

49. What does the "D" in the ABCDs of basic life support stand for?

(B) Defibrillation

50. The nurse is preparing to discharge a patient after abdominal surgery. Which instruction is crucial for preventing incisional dehiscence?

(C) Advise the patient to splint the incision when coughing or moving

51. What is the primary role of the nurse in medication administration?

(C) To administer medications safely and accurately.

52. Which of the following is a key component of effective pain management?

(C) Assessing pain regularly and using both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

53. A nurse is providing care to a patient with a colostomy. Which of the following is an expected finding when assessing the stoma?

(B) Protruding, dark red, moist

54. What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction?

(C) Administering epinephrine immediately.

55. The nurse is teaching a patient about self-management of asthma. Which of the following should be included in the teaching?

(C) Identify and avoid triggers.

56. What is the most reliable method for confirming the placement of a nasogastric tube before administering feedings or medications?

(D) X-ray confirmation.

57. The nurse is caring for a patient with a new prescription for an opioid analgesic. Which nursing diagnosis is a priority?

(D) Risk for Ineffective Breathing Pattern

58. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for a nurse when a patient expresses suicidal ideation?

(C) Immediately implement suicide precautions and notify the healthcare provider.

59. What is the normal pH range of arterial blood?

(B) 7.35-7.45

60. The nurse is caring for a patient with a cast on their arm. Which finding would indicate a potential complication (e.g., compartment syndrome)?

(B) Numbness and tingling in the fingers.

61. Which type of isolation precaution is used for patients with tuberculosis?

(C) Airborne precautions

62. The nurse is teaching a patient about managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Which of the following is most important for the patient to understand about insulin administration?

(B) Insulin doses should be adjusted based on the day's carbohydrate intake.

63. What is the ethical principle that refers to the patient's right to make decisions about their own healthcare?

(C) Autonomy

64. The nurse is assessing a patient with a fractured hip. Which assessment finding is most indicative of a hip fracture?

(B) Shortening and external rotation of the affected leg.

65. Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)?

(C) Performing meticulous perineal care and removing the catheter as soon as clinically indicated.

66. The nurse is educating a patient about a high-fiber diet. Which food choice indicates the patient understands the teaching?

(B) Whole-wheat bread

67. Which of the following is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in an elderly patient?

(C) New onset confusion or altered mental status

68. The nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous (IV) push medication. What is the most important safety precaution?

(C) Check for medication compatibility and administer at the recommended rate.

69. What is the term for the systemic inflammatory response to an infection that can lead to organ dysfunction?

(B) Sepsis

70. The nurse is caring for a patient with a chest tube. Which finding requires immediate intervention?

(A) Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber.

71. Which of the following is a normal finding when assessing the pupillary light reflex?

(C) Pupils briskly constrict bilaterally in response to light.

72. The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a patient with a new colostomy. Which instruction is essential?

(C) Report any changes in stoma color or consistency of output.

73. What is the purpose of "logrolling" a patient with a suspected spinal injury?

(C) To maintain spinal alignment and prevent further injury.

74. Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing a grand mal seizure?

(C) Protect the patient from injury and maintain a patent airway.

75. The nurse is caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of HIV. Which of the following best describes the initial goal of nursing care?

(B) To provide emotional support and education on disease management.

76. What is the most common route for administering nitroglycerin for acute angina?

(C) Sublingual

77. The nurse is assessing a patient with fluid volume excess. Which finding would the nurse expect?

(C) Crackles in the lungs

78. Which of the following is a key nursing intervention for a patient with dysphagia?

(C) Elevate the head of the bed during meals and ensure proper food consistency.

79. The nurse is administering a subcutaneous injection. What is the typical needle gauge used for subcutaneous injections?

(C) 25-27 gauge

80. What is the main goal of palliative care?

(C) To improve the quality of life for patients and their families facing life-limiting illness.

81. Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation?

(C) Redness (rubor) and warmth (calor)

82. The nurse is caring for a patient experiencing a panic attack. Which intervention is most appropriate?

(C) Stay with the patient and provide a calm, reassuring presence.

83. What is the purpose of performing a neurological assessment?

(B) To evaluate the function of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

84. A patient is prescribed a clear liquid diet. Which food item is allowed?

(C) Gelatin

85. The nurse is caring for a patient receiving continuous oxygen therapy via nasal cannula. Which intervention is crucial?

(B) Regularly assess the skin around the ears and nares for breakdown.

86. What is the ethical principle that states nurses must do no harm?

(C) Non-maleficence

87. The nurse is educating a patient about healthy sleep habits. Which recommendation is appropriate?

(C) Establish a regular sleep schedule, even on weekends.

88. A patient is experiencing hypovolemic shock. Which of the following is an expected compensatory mechanism?

(D) Tachycardia and vasoconstriction

89. The nurse is caring for a patient with a pressure ulcer. Which stage is characterized by full-thickness skin loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle?

(D) Stage 4

90. What is the primary purpose of hospice care?

(C) To provide comfort and support to patients and families during the end-of-life phase.

91. The nurse is preparing to administer an enema. What is the correct position for the patient?

(C) Left Sim's position

92. Which of the following is a sign of effective wound healing?

(C) Granulation tissue formation

93. The nurse is assessing a patient for dehydration. Which finding would indicate a fluid deficit?

(C) Decreased skin turgor

94. What is the most effective way to communicate with a patient who is hearing-impaired?

(C) Speak clearly, face the patient, and use written communication if necessary.

95. The nurse is caring for a patient with a cast. Which patient teaching is essential to prevent complications?

(C) Report any numbness, tingling, or increased pain immediately.

96. What is the primary function of the kidneys?

(B) To filter waste products from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance.

97. The nurse is assessing a patient for signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following is a late sign of increasing ICP?

(C) Cushing's triad (hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respirations)

98. Which of the following is an example of primary prevention in healthcare?

(C) Immunizations against infectious diseases.

99. The nurse is caring for a patient receiving a blood transfusion. Which adverse reaction is characterized by sudden chills, fever, headache, and flushing?

(B) Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction

100. What is the appropriate needle angle for a subcutaneous injection?

(C) 45 or 90 degrees

101. Which of the following is a common symptom of left-sided heart failure?

(C) Dyspnea and crackles in the lungs

102. The nurse is administering medication to a pediatric patient. Which principle is most important when calculating the dosage?

(C) Calculating the dose based on weight or body surface area (BSA).

103. What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)?

(C) Administering epinephrine and supporting airway/breathing.

104. The nurse is caring for a patient with a new order for a diuretic. Which electrolyte imbalance is a common concern with diuretic therapy?

(B) Hypokalemia

105. What is the primary advantage of using a validated pain scale (e.g., Numeric Rating Scale) when assessing a patient's pain?

(B) It allows for consistent and objective measurement of pain over time.

106. The nurse is teaching a patient about fall prevention. Which intervention is most effective for an elderly patient with impaired mobility?

(C) Ensure adequate lighting and remove clutter from walkways.

107. Which of the following is a common side effect of chemotherapy that the nurse should educate the patient about?

(C) Nausea, vomiting, and fatigue.

108. The nurse is caring for a patient with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line. Which action is essential to prevent infection?

(B) Perform dressing changes using aseptic technique.

109. What is the purpose of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?

(C) To assess the level of consciousness in a patient with neurological impairment.

110. A patient is experiencing delirium. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?

(C) Maintain a consistent, calm environment and reorient the patient frequently.

111. Which of the following is a key component of patient-centered care?

(C) Involving the patient and family in decision-making and care planning.

112. The nurse is caring for a patient with a new tracheostomy. Which nursing intervention is a priority?

(B) Ensuring a patent airway and providing regular tracheostomy care.

113. What is the purpose of performing a focused assessment?

(B) To address a specific problem or body system.

114. A patient is experiencing shortness of breath and wheezing. Which medication would the nurse anticipate administering?

(B) A bronchodilator

115. The nurse is caring for a patient receiving continuous bladder irrigation after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Which finding indicates the irrigation is effective?

(B) Clear, pink-tinged urine output.

116. Which of the following is a primary nursing responsibility during a code blue (cardiac arrest)?

(B) Initiating CPR and activating the emergency response system.

117. The nurse is providing care to a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which intervention is crucial to prevent complications?

(D) Both B and C

118. What is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

(C) Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection

119. The nurse is caring for a patient with a traumatic brain injury. Which nursing assessment is critical for detecting changes in neurological status?

(B) Frequent assessment of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and pupillary response.

120. Which of the following is a key ethical consideration when caring for a patient who refuses treatment?

(C) Respect the patient's autonomy after ensuring they have been fully informed and have decision-making capacity.

121. The nurse is educating a patient with new ostomy about proper skin care around the stoma. Which instruction is important to prevent skin irritation?

(C) Clean the skin gently with warm water and dry thoroughly before applying the pouch.

122. Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperglycemia?

(B) Increased thirst (polydipsia) and frequent urination (polyuria)

123. The nurse is caring for a patient with a peripheral IV site. Which finding indicates infiltration?

(C) Swelling, coolness, and pallor at the site.

124. What is the priority nursing action when a patient falls?

(C) Assess the patient for injury and provide immediate care.

125. The nurse is teaching a patient about smoking cessation. Which benefit of quitting smoking should the nurse emphasize?

(C) Improved lung function and reduced risk of chronic diseases.

126. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of Clostridium difficile (C. diff) in a healthcare setting?

(C) Handwashing with soap and water.

127. The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing anxiety. Which intervention is most appropriate?

(C) Provide a calm environment and use therapeutic communication techniques.

128. What is the primary purpose of a "time-out" procedure before surgery?

(B) To confirm the correct patient, site, and procedure.

129. The nurse is teaching a patient about managing hypertension. Which dietary recommendation is essential?

(C) Reduce sodium intake.

130. A patient is receiving continuous oxygen therapy via face mask. Which intervention is crucial for preventing skin breakdown?

(C) Assess the skin under the mask and pressure points regularly.

131. Which of the following is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in an adult patient?

(C) Dysuria (painful urination) and frequent urge to urinate.

132. The nurse is caring for a patient with a feeding tube. Which action is essential to prevent aspiration during tube feeding?

(C) Elevate the head of the bed to at least 30-45 degrees during and for at least 30 minutes after feeding.

133. What is the normal range for adult blood pressure?

(C) Less than 120/80 mmHg

134. The nurse is providing wound care. Which type of dressing is most appropriate for a wound with heavy exudate?

(C) Alginate or foam dressing

135. A patient is prescribed oxygen therapy. Which is a crucial safety precaution when administering oxygen?

(B) Securing oxygen tanks to prevent falling.

136. The nurse is caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of Gout. Which dietary modification should the nurse recommend?

(B) Limit purine-rich foods (e.g., shellfish, red meat).

137. Which of the following is an example of an airborne transmitted disease?

(B) Measles

138. The nurse is caring for an unresponsive patient. Which assessment is the highest priority?

(C) Assessing airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC).

139. What is the purpose of a spiritual assessment in nursing care?

(B) To understand the patient's beliefs and values that may influence their health and well-being.

140. A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed a 2-gram sodium diet. Which food item should the nurse advise the patient to avoid?

(C) Processed deli meat

141. The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing acute pain. Which non-pharmacological intervention is appropriate?

(B) Applying a cold pack to a muscle spasm.

142. Which of the following is a symptom of a pulmonary embolism (PE)?

(B) Sudden onset of dyspnea, chest pain, and tachypnea.

143. The nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous (IV) infusion. What is the most important step before initiating the infusion?

(B) Verify the patient's identity and the medication order against the 5 rights of medication administration.

144. What is the most effective way to prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in patients with central venous catheters?

(C) Strict adherence to aseptic technique during insertion and dressing changes, and daily assessment for catheter necessity.

145. The nurse is caring for a patient who is actively dying. Which intervention is a priority in providing comfort care?

(C) Managing pain and other distressing symptoms.

146. What is the primary purpose of a "Do Not Resuscitate" (DNR) order?

(C) To withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest.

147. The nurse is caring for a patient with a urinary catheter. Which intervention helps prevent urinary tract infections?

(C) Ensuring a closed drainage system and performing regular perineal care.

148. Which of the following is an expected physical change in a pregnant woman during the first trimester?

(C) Nausea and vomiting (morning sickness)

149. The nurse is educating a patient about healthy eating habits. Which food group should be consumed in the largest proportion daily?

(C) Fruits and vegetables

150. What is the normal body temperature range for an adult?

(B) 36.1-37.2°C (97.0-99.0°F)

151. Which of the following is a common symptom of right-sided heart failure?

(C) Peripheral edema and jugular venous distention (JVD)

152. The nurse is caring for a patient with a new order for warfarin. Which laboratory test is used to monitor the effectiveness of warfarin therapy?

(B) International Normalized Ratio (INR)

153. What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing hypoglycemia?

(B) Administering 15 grams of a fast-acting carbohydrate.

154. The nurse is teaching a patient about self-administration of insulin. Which instruction is important to prevent lipodystrophy?

(B) Rotate injection sites.

155. Which of the following is a key nursing intervention for a patient with a fever?

(C) Provide antipyretics as ordered and encourage fluid intake.

156. The nurse is caring for a patient post-stroke who has left-sided weakness. Which intervention promotes patient independence in activities of daily living (ADLs)?

(B) Encourage the patient to use their unaffected side for tasks.

157. What is the most common route of transmission for Hepatitis A?

(C) Fecal-oral route

158. The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which oxygen delivery method is typically recommended to avoid respiratory depression?

(B) Low-flow oxygen via nasal cannula.

159. What is the primary purpose of early ambulation after surgery?

(B) To prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and promote lung expansion.

160. The nurse is educating a patient about preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Which method is most effective in preventing the transmission of most STIs?

(C) Consistent and correct use of condoms or abstinence.

161. Which of the following is a critical assessment for a patient experiencing a severe headache and photophobia?

(C) Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck).

162. The nurse is providing care to a patient with a new colostomy. Which instruction is essential regarding dietary changes?

(C) Introduce new foods gradually and chew food thoroughly.

163. What is the ethical principle of "beneficence" in nursing?

(B) The obligation to do good for the patient.

164. The nurse is caring for a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Which instruction is crucial for improving circulation?

(C) Engage in regular exercise, such as walking, to promote collateral circulation.

165. Which of the following is an expected finding when assessing a patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

(C) Unilateral leg swelling, pain, and warmth.

166. The nurse is educating a patient about fluid restriction. Which beverage is allowed on a fluid-restricted diet?

(C) Ice chips (counted as half their volume)

167. Which of the following is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in an elderly patient?

(C) New onset of confusion or altered mental status.

168. The nurse is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection. What is the correct needle angle for this injection?

(C) 45 or 90 degrees

169. What is the normal range for adult respiratory rate?

(B) 12-20 breaths/min

170. The nurse is caring for a patient with a new order for an inhaled corticosteroid for asthma. Which instruction is essential?

(B) Rinse mouth after each use to prevent oral candidiasis.

171. Which of the following is a common symptom of clinical depression?

(B) Persistent sadness, loss of interest, and changes in sleep/appetite.

172. The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a patient after cataract surgery. Which instruction is crucial to prevent complications?

(B) Avoid bending, lifting, or straining.

173. What is the normal pulse rate range for an adult?

(B) 60-100 beats/min

174. A patient is experiencing chest pain. Which action is the highest priority for the nurse?

(C) Assessing the pain using a pain scale and obtaining vital signs and an ECG.

175. The nurse is caring for a patient with a pressure ulcer. Which intervention promotes wound healing?

(C) Providing adequate nutrition, protein, and vitamin C.

176. What is the primary purpose of a bowel training program for a patient with fecal incontinence?

(B) To establish a regular pattern of bowel elimination.

177. The nurse is administering an intramuscular (IM) injection. What is the appropriate needle angle for this injection?

(C) 90 degrees

178. Which of the following is a key nursing intervention for a patient with anxiety and insomnia?

(B) Provide a quiet, dark environment and encourage relaxation techniques.

179. The nurse is caring for a patient with a new order for a low-salt diet. Which food item should the nurse advise the patient to avoid?

(B) Canned soup

180. What is the primary purpose of a "Code Blue" in a hospital setting?

(B) To alert staff to a medical emergency requiring immediate resuscitation.

181. Which of the following describes the ethical principle of "Justice" in nursing?

(B) The fair allocation of resources and care.

182. The nurse is caring for a patient with a feeding tube. To prevent clogging of the tube, what should the nurse do after administering medications?

(B) Flush the tube with warm water.

183. What is the normal blood glucose range for a non-diabetic adult (fasting)?

(B) 70-100 mg/dL

184. The nurse is preparing to administer medication via the intravenous (IV) route. Which site is generally preferred for adult peripheral IV access?

(A) Dorsal hand veins

185. Which of the following is a key intervention for preventing aspiration in a patient with a nasogastric tube for feeding?

(B) Checking gastric residual volume and elevating the head of the bed.

186. The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which dietary restriction is typically recommended for these patients?

(C) Restriction of potassium, phosphorus, and sodium.

187. What is the most common route of administration for immunizations in adults?

(C) Intramuscular (IM)

188. The nurse is teaching a patient about proper body mechanics for lifting. Which instruction is correct?

(C) Lift with your legs, keeping your back straight.

189. Which of the following is a common sign of fluid volume deficit (dehydration)?

(C) Dry mucous membranes and decreased skin turgor.

190. The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing acute pain. Which pain assessment tool is appropriate for a verbal adult patient?

(C) Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)

191. What is the most important factor in promoting medication adherence in patients with chronic conditions?

(B) Providing clear, concise education about the medication regimen and its benefits.

192. The nurse is caring for a patient with a newly inserted indwelling urinary catheter. Which intervention prevents infection?

(C) Keeping the drainage bag below the level of the bladder and ensuring continuous flow.

193. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioid analgesics that the nurse should monitor for?

(C) Respiratory depression and constipation

194. The nurse is educating a patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus about lifestyle modifications. Which recommendation is most important?

(B) Engage in regular physical activity and follow a balanced diet.

195. What is the normal range for adult oxygen saturation (SpO2) on room air?

(C) 95-100%

196. The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a patient about preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Which method is most effective in preventing the transmission of most STIs?

(B) Abstinence.

197. Which of the following describes the ethical principle of "Justice" in nursing?

(B) The fair allocation of resources and care.

198. The nurse is caring for a patient with a feeding tube. To prevent clogging of the tube, what should the nurse do after administering medications?

(B) Flush the tube with warm water.

199. What is the normal blood glucose range for a non-diabetic adult?

(B) 70-100 mg/dL (fasting)

200. The nurse is providing care to a patient who is experiencing acute abdominal pain. Which action is the highest priority?

(C) Assessing the pain characteristics, vital signs, and notifying the healthcare provider.

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